A 82 ans, Jean-Pierre Joyeux profite de sa retraite près de Poitiers, mais son histoire est intrinsèquement liée à la région toulousaine, où il a vécu durant la Seconde guerre mondiale. Là où, surtout, son père a été arrêté par la Gestapo puis fusillé sans que personne ne le sache dans le bois de la Reulle, entre Castelmaurou et Gragnague. Jusqu’en 2012, Jean-Pierre Joyeux le pensait mort en déportation. La détermination d’un groupe de recherche a permis de lui rendre son histoire.

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We show that the application of LR to both test populations highlights specific issues (both false positives and false negatives) that prevent the confirmation of second-degree kinship or even full siblingship in small populations.

We show that the RFU intensities read on STR profiles are systematically higher in experiments using DNA extracted from petrous bones rather than teeth. For this reason, we were more likely to obtain a complete STR profile from petrous bone material, increasing the chance of identification in a forensic setting. Histological analyses revealed peculiar microstructural characteristics (tissue organization), unique to the petrous bone, that might explain the good preservation of DNA in that substrate. Therefore, it appears that despite the necessity of analysing longer fragments in forensic STR typing compared to NGS palaeogenomics, the use of petrous bones in forensic genetics could prove valuable, especially in cases involving infants, toothless individuals or very degraded skeletal remains.

We show that the ancient Yakuts recovered from this large collection of graves are not representative of an ancient population. Uncommonly, we were also able to demonstrate that the funerary preference observed here involved three specific male lineages, especially in the 18th century.